Kotlin 带你飞 • 语法篇 • 基础

本文采用与 Java 语法作对比的方式罗列并介绍** Kotlin 的语法基础**。这样会不会更容易理解和上手?希望能对看到这篇文章的您有所帮助吧。

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版权声明:本文为 frendy 原创文章,可以随意转载,但请务必在明确位置注明出处。

Print

Java

System.out.print("Hello, World!");
System.out.println("Hello, World!");

Kotlin

print("Hello, World!")
println("Hello, World!")

Variables I

Java

final int x;
final int y = 1;

Kotlin

val x: Int
val y = 1

Variables II

Java

int w;
int z = 2;
z = 3;
w = 1;

Kotlin

var w: Int
var z = 2
z = 3
w = 1

Null I

Java

final String name = null;

String lastName;
lastName = null

Kotlin

val name: String? = null

var lastName: String?
lastName = null

var firstName: String
firstName = null // Compilation error!!

Null II

Java

if(text != null) {
  int length = text.length();
}

Kotlin

val length = text?.length

val length = text!!.length // NullPointerException if text == null

Strings I

Java

String name = "John";
String lastName = "Smith";
String text = "My name is: " + name + " " + lastName;
String otherText = "My name is: " + name.substring(2);

Kotlin

val name = "John"
val lastName = "Smith"
val text = "My name is: $name $lastName"
val otherText = "My name is: ${name.substring(2)}"

Strings II

Java

String text = "First Line\n" 
    + "Second Line\n" 
    + "Third Line";

Kotlin

val text = """ 
    |First Line 
    |Second Line 
    |Third Line
""".trimMargin()

Ternary Operator

Java

String text = x > 5 ? "x > 5" : "x <= 5";

Kotlin

val text = if (x > 5) "x > 5" else "x <= 5"

Bits Operations

Java

final int andResult = a & b;
final int orResult = a | b;
final int xorResult = a ^ b;
final int rightShift = a >> 2;
final int leftShift = a << 2;

Kotlin

val andResult = a and b
val orResult = a or b
val xorResult = a xor b
val rightShift = a shr 2
val leftShift = a shl 2

Is As In

Java

if(x instanceof Integer) { }
final String text = (String) other;
if(x >= 0 && x <= 10 ) { }

Kotlin

if (x is Int) { } 
val text = other as String
if (x in 0..10) { }

Smart Cast

Java

if(a instanceof String) { 
  final String result = ((String) a).substring(1);
}

Kotlin

if (a is String) { 
  val result = a.substring(1)
}

Switch / When

Java

final int x = // value;
final String xResult;
switch (x) { 
  case 0: 
  case 11:
     xResult = "0 or 11"; 
    break; 
  case 1: 
  case 2: 
    //... 
  case 10: 
    xResult = "from 1 to 10"; 
    break; 
  default: 
    if(x < 12 && x > 14) { 
      xResult = "not from 12 to 14"; 
      break; 
    } 
    if(isOdd(x)) { 
      xResult = "is odd"; 
      break; 
    } 
    xResult = "otherwise";
  }

final int y = // value;
final String yResult;
if(isNegative(y)) { 
  yResult = "is Negative";
} else if(isZero(y)) { 
  yResult = "is Zero";
} else if(isOdd(y)) { 
  yResult = "is Odd";
} else { 
  yResult = "otherwise";
}

Kotlin

val x = // value
val xResult = when (x) { 
  0, 11 -> "0 or 11" 
  in 1..10 -> "from 1 to 10" 
  !in 12..14 -> "not from 12 to 14" 
  else -> if (isOdd(x)) { "is odd" } else { "otherwise" }
}

val y = // value
val yResult = when { 
  isNegative(y) -> "is Negative" 
  isZero(y) -> "is Zero" 
  isOdd(y) -> "is odd" 
  else -> "otherwise"
}

For

Java

for (int i = 1; i < 11 ; i++) { }

for (int i = 1; i < 11 ; i+=2) { }

for (String item : collection) { }

for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry:map.entrySet()) { }

Kotlin

for (i in 1..10) { }

for (i in 1..10 step 2) { }

for (item in collection) { }
for ((index, item) in collection.withIndex()) { }

for ((key, value) in map) { }

Collections I

Java

final List<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3);

final Map<Integer, String> map = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
map.put(1, "One");
map.put(2, "Two");
map.put(3, "Three");

// Java 9
final List<Integer> numbers = List.of(1, 2, 3);
final Map<Integer, String> map = Map.of(
    1, "One", 
    2, "Two", 
    3, "Three");

Kotlin

val numbers = listOf(1, 2, 3)

val map = mapOf(
    1 to "One", 
    2 to "Two", 
    3 to "Three")

Collections II

Java

for (int number : numbers) { 
  System.out.println(number);
}

for (int number : numbers) { 
  if(number > 5) { 
    System.out.println(number); 
  }
}

Kotlin

numbers.forEach { 
  println(it)
}

numbers.filter { it > 5 } 
    .forEach { println(it) }

Collections III

Java

final Map<String, List<Integer>> groups = new HashMap<>();
for (int number : numbers) { 
  if((number & 1) == 0) { 
    if(!groups.containsKey("even")) { 
      groups.put("even", new ArrayList<>()); 
    } 
    groups.get("even").add(number); 
    continue; 
  } 
  if(!groups.containsKey("odd")) { 
    groups.put("odd", new ArrayList<>()); 
  } 
  groups.get("odd").add(number);
}

Kotlin

val groups = numbers.groupBy { 
  if (it and 1 == 0) "even" else "odd" 
}

Collections IV

Java

final List<Integer> evens = new ArrayList<>();
final List<Integer> odds = new ArrayList<>();
for (int number : numbers) { 
  if ((number & 1) == 0) { 
    evens.add(number); 
  } else { 
    odds.add(number); 
  }
}

Kotlin

val (evens, odds) = numbers.partition { it and 1 == 0 }

Collections V

Java

final List<User> users = getUsers();
Collections.sort(users, new Comparator<User>(){ 
  public int compare(User user, User otherUser){ 
    return user.lastname.compareTo(otherUser.lastname); 
  }
});
// or
users.sort(Comparator.comparing(user -> user.lastname));

Kotlin

val users = getUsers()
users.sortedBy { it.lastname }

愿大家都能飞得更高、飞得更开心…嗯,开心很重要…

《Kotlin 带你飞 • 语法篇 • 基础》 qrcode_card.png

    原文作者:_frendy
    原文地址: https://www.jianshu.com/p/950b8a6ad6c8
    本文转自网络文章,转载此文章仅为分享知识,如有侵权,请联系博主进行删除。
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