接下来我们要来玩一个新的库

这个库的名称叫做

Requests

这个库比我们上次说的 urllib 可是要牛逼一丢丢的

毕竟 Requests 是在 urllib 的基础上搞出来的

通过它我们可以用更少的代码

模拟浏览器操作

人生苦短

接下来就是

image

skr

对于不是 python 的内置库

我们需要安装一下

直接使用 pip 安装

pip install requests

安装完后就可以使用了

接下来就来感受一下 requests 吧

导入 requests 模块

import requests

一行代码 Get 请求
r = requests.get(‘https://api.github.com/events’)

一行代码 Post 请求
r = requests.post(‘https://httpbin.org/post’, data = {‘key’:’value’})

其它乱七八糟的 Http 请求

>>> r = requests.put('https://httpbin.org/put', data = {'key':'value'})
>>> r = requests.delete('https://httpbin.org/delete')
>>> r = requests.head('https://httpbin.org/get')
>>> r = requests.options('https://httpbin.org/get')

想要携带请求参数是吧？

>>> payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
>>> r = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/get', params=payload)

假装自己是浏览器

>>> url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
>>> headers = {'user-agent': 'my-app/0.0.1'}
>>> r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)

获取服务器响应文本内容

>>> import requests
>>> r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')
>>> r.text
u'[{"repository":{"open_issues":0,"url":"https://github.com/...
>>> r.encoding
'utf-8'

获取字节响应内容

>>> r.content
b'[{"repository":{"open_issues":0,"url":"https://github.com/...

获取响应码

>>> r = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/get')
>>> r.status_code
200

获取响应头

>>> r.headers
{    
    'content-encoding': 'gzip',    
    'transfer-encoding': 'chunked',  
    'connection': 'close',    
    'server': 'nginx/1.0.4',    
    'x-runtime': '148ms',    
    'etag': '"e1ca502697e5c9317743dc078f67693f"',   
    'content-type': 'application/json'

}

获取 Json 响应内容

>>> import requests
>>> r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')
>>> r.json()
[{u'repository': {u'open_issues': 0, u'url': 'https://github.com/...

获取 socket 流响应内容

>>> r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events', stream=True)
>>> r.raw
<urllib3.response.HTTPResponse object at 0x101194810>
>>> r.raw.read(10)
'\x1f\x8b\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x03'

Post请求

当你想要一个键里面添加多个值的时候

>>> payload_tuples = [('key1', 'value1'), ('key1', 'value2')]
>>> r1 = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', data=payload_tuples)
>>> payload_dict = {'key1': ['value1', 'value2']}
>>> r2 = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', data=payload_dict)
>>> print(r1.text)
{  ...  "form": {    "key1": [      "value1",      "value2"    ]  },  ...}
>>> r1.text == r2.text
True

请求的时候用 json 作为参数

>>> url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
>>> payload = {'some': 'data'}
>>> r = requests.post(url, json=payload)

想上传文件？

>>> url = 'https://httpbin.org/post'
>>> files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}
>>> r = requests.post(url, files=files)
>>> r.text
{  ...  "files": {    "file": "<censored...binary...data>"  },  

获取 cookie 信息

>>> url = 'http://example.com/some/cookie/setting/url'
>>> r = requests.get(url)
>>> r.cookies['example_cookie_name']
'example_cookie_value'

发送 cookie 信息

>>> url = 'https://httpbin.org/cookies'
>>> cookies = dict(cookies_are='working')
>>> r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies)
>>> r.text
'{"cookies": {"cookies_are": "working"}}'

设置超时

>>> requests.get('https://github.com/', timeout=0.001)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>requests.exceptions.Timeout: HTTPConnectionPool(host='github.com', port=80): Request timed out. (timeout=0.001)

image

除了牛逼

还能说什么呢？？

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