继续老套路，这两天我爬取了猪八戒上的一些数据 网址是：http://task.zbj.com/t-ppsj/p1s5.html，可能是由于爬取的数据量有点多吧，结果我的IP被封了，需要自己手动来验证解封ip,但这显然阻止了我爬取更多的数据了。
下面是我写的爬取猪八戒的被封IP的代码
# coding=utf-8
importrequests
fromlxmlimportetree
defgetUrl():
foriinrange(33):
url =’http://task.zbj.com/t-ppsj/p{}s5.html’.format(i+1)
spiderPage(url)
defspiderPage(url):
ifurlisNone:
returnNone
htmlText = requests.get(url).text
selector = etree.HTML(htmlText)
tds = selector.xpath(‘//*[@class=”tab-switch tab-progress”]/table/tr’)
try:
fortdintds:
price = td.xpath(‘./td/p/em/text()’)
href = td.xpath(‘./td/p/a/@href’)
title = td.xpath(‘./td/p/a/text()’)
subTitle = td.xpath(‘./td/p/text()’)
deadline = td.xpath(‘./td/span/text()’)
price = price[0]iflen(price)>0else”# python的三目运算 :为真时的结果 if 判定条件 else 为假时的结果
title = title[0]iflen(title)>0else”
href = href[0]iflen(href)>0else”
subTitle = subTitle[0]iflen(subTitle)>0else”
deadline = deadline[0]iflen(deadline)>0else”
printprice,title,href,subTitle,deadline
print’—————————————————————————————‘
spiderDetail(href)
except:
print’出错’
defspiderDetail(url):
ifurlisNone:
returnNone
try:
htmlText = requests.get(url).text
selector = etree.HTML(htmlText)
aboutHref = selector.xpath(‘//*[@id=”utopia_widget_10″]/div[1]/div/div/div/p[1]/a/@href’)
price = selector.xpath(‘//*[@id=”utopia_widget_10″]/div[1]/div/div/div/p[1]/text()’)
title = selector.xpath(‘//*[@id=”utopia_widget_10″]/div[1]/div/div/h2/text()’)
contentDetail = selector.xpath(‘//*[@id=”utopia_widget_10″]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[1]/text()’)
publishDate = selector.xpath(‘//*[@id=”utopia_widget_10″]/div[2]/div/div[1]/p/text()’)
aboutHref = aboutHref[0]iflen(aboutHref) >0else”# python的三目运算 :为真时的结果 if 判定条件 else 为假时的结果
price = price[0]iflen(price) >0else”
title = title[0]iflen(title) >0else”
contentDetail = contentDetail[0]iflen(contentDetail) >0else”
publishDate = publishDate[0]iflen(publishDate) >0else”
printaboutHref,price,title,contentDetail,publishDate
except:
print’出错’
if’_main_’:
getUrl()
我发现代码运行完后，后面有几页数据没有被爬取，我再也没有办法去访问猪八戒网站了，等过了一段时间才能去访问他们的网站，这就很尴尬了，我得防止被封IP
如何防止爬取数据的时候被网站封IP这里有一些套路.查了一些套路
1.修改请求头
之前的爬虫代码没有添加头部，这里我添加了头部，模拟成浏览器去访问网站
user_agent =’Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.104 Safari/537.36 Core/1.53.4295.400′
headers = {‘User-Agent’: user_agent}
htmlText = requests.get(url, headers=headers, proxies=proxies).text
2.采用代理IP
当自己的ip被网站封了之后，只能采用代理ip的方式进行爬取，所以每次爬取的时候尽量用代理ip来爬取，封了代理还有代理。
这里我引用了这个博客的一段代码来生成ip地址:http://blog.csdn.net/lammonpeter/article/details/52917264
生成代理ip,大家可以直接把这个代码拿去用
# coding=utf-8
# IP地址取自国内髙匿代理IP网站：http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/
# 仅仅爬取首页IP地址就足够一般使用
frombs4importBeautifulSoup
importrequests
importrandom
defget_ip_list(url, headers):
web_data = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
soup = BeautifulSoup(web_data.text,’lxml’)
ips = soup.find_all(‘tr’)
ip_list = []
foriinrange(1, len(ips)):
ip_info = ips[i]
tds = ip_info.find_all(‘td’)
ip_list.append(tds[1].text +’:’+ tds[2].text)
returnip_list
defget_random_ip(ip_list):
proxy_list = []
foripinip_list:
proxy_list.append(‘http://’+ ip)
proxy_ip = random.choice(proxy_list)
proxies = {‘http’: proxy_ip}
returnproxies
if__name__ ==’__main__’:
url =’http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/’
headers = {
‘User-Agent’:’Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.143 Safari/537.36′
}
ip_list = get_ip_list(url, headers=headers)
proxies = get_random_ip(ip_list)
print(proxies)
好了我用上面的代码给我生成了一批ip地址（有些ip地址可能无效，但只要不封我自己的ip就可以了,哈哈），然后我就可以在我的请求头部添加ip地址
** 给我们的请求添加代理ip**
proxies = {
‘http’:’http://124.72.109.183:8118′,
‘http’:’http://49.85.1.79:31666′
}
user_agent =’Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.104 Safari/537.36 Core/1.53.4295.400′
headers = {‘User-Agent’: user_agent}
htmlText = requests.get(url, headers=headers, timeout=3, proxies=proxies).text
目前知道的就
最后完整代码如下：
# coding=utf-8
importrequests
importtime
fromlxmlimportetree
defgetUrl():
foriinrange(33):
url =’http://task.zbj.com/t-ppsj/p{}s5.html’.format(i+1)
spiderPage(url)
defspiderPage(url):
ifurlisNone:
returnNone
try:
proxies = {
‘http’:’http://221.202.248.52:80′,
}
user_agent =’Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.104 Safari/537.36 Core/1.53.4295.400′
headers = {‘User-Agent’: user_agent}
htmlText = requests.get(url, headers=headers,proxies=proxies).text
selector = etree.HTML(htmlText)
tds = selector.xpath(‘//*[@class=”tab-switch tab-progress”]/table/tr’)
fortdintds:
price = td.xpath(‘./td/p/em/text()’)
href = td.xpath(‘./td/p/a/@href’)
title = td.xpath(‘./td/p/a/text()’)
subTitle = td.xpath(‘./td/p/text()’)
deadline = td.xpath(‘./td/span/text()’)
price = price[0]iflen(price)>0else”# python的三目运算 :为真时的结果 if 判定条件 else 为假时的结果
title = title[0]iflen(title)>0else”
href = href[0]iflen(href)>0else”
subTitle = subTitle[0]iflen(subTitle)>0else”
deadline = deadline[0]iflen(deadline)>0else”
printprice,title,href,subTitle,deadline
print’—————————————————————————————‘
spiderDetail(href)
exceptException,e:
print’出错’,e.message
defspiderDetail(url):
ifurlisNone:
returnNone
try:
htmlText = requests.get(url).text
selector = etree.HTML(htmlText)
aboutHref = selector.xpath(‘//*[@id=”utopia_widget_10″]/div[1]/div/div/div/p[1]/a/@href’)
price = selector.xpath(‘//*[@id=”utopia_widget_10″]/div[1]/div/div/div/p[1]/text()’)
title = selector.xpath(‘//*[@id=”utopia_widget_10″]/div[1]/div/div/h2/text()’)
contentDetail = selector.xpath(‘//*[@id=”utopia_widget_10″]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[1]/text()’)
publishDate = selector.xpath(‘//*[@id=”utopia_widget_10″]/div[2]/div/div[1]/p/text()’)
aboutHref = aboutHref[0]iflen(aboutHref) >0else”# python的三目运算 :为真时的结果 if 判定条件 else 为假时的结果
price = price[0]iflen(price) >0else”
title = title[0]iflen(title) >0else”
contentDetail = contentDetail[0]iflen(contentDetail) >0else”
publishDate = publishDate[0]iflen(publishDate) >0else”
printaboutHref,price,title,contentDetail,publishDate
except:
print’出错’
if’_main_’:
getUrl()
数据全部爬取出来了，且我的IP也没有被封。当然防止被封IP肯定不止这些了，这还需要进一步探索!
