android 应用的启动过程分析

首先说一下看源码的方式,首先明确看源码的目的是为了更好的指导上层开发。
看android的系统源码,重要的是理解整体的执行流程, 不要纠结于代码细节。太纠结于代码细节, 对指导上层开发并没有指导意义。

从入口main()到Applicaiton的onCreate()方法被调用

ActivityThread提供两个核心内部类 ApplicationThread和 H

public final class ActivityThread {
    final ApplicationThread mAppThread = new ApplicationThread();
    final H mH = new H();

    private class ApplicationThread extends ApplicationThreadNative {}
    private class H extends Handler {}
}

提供了main()方法作为app启动的入口

public static void main(String[] args) {
    //创建Looper对象, 创建MessageQueue对象
        Looper.prepareMainLooper();
    
    //创建自己的ActivityThread对象
        ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
        thread.attach(false);

        if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
            sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();
        }

        AsyncTask.init();

        if (false) {
            Looper.myLooper().setMessageLogging(new
                    LogPrinter(Log.DEBUG, "ActivityThread"));
        }

    //进入消息循环
        Looper.loop();

        throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
    }
}
private void attach(boolean system) {
    ...
    //获得AMS(ActivityManagerService)实例, AMS的log tag: "ActivityManager"
    IActivityManager mgr = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault();
    //把ApplicationThread对象传给AMS
    mgr.attachApplication(mAppThread);
    ...
}
下面进入ActivityManagerService的attachApplication(IApplicationThread thread), ActivityThread把binder对象传给ActivityManagerService.
public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative {
    ...
    public final void attachApplication(IApplicationThread thread) {
        ...
        attachApplicationLocked(thread, callingPid);
        ...
    }
    ...
    private final boolean attachApplicationLocked(IApplicationThread thread, int pid) {
        ....
        //通过binder,跨进程调用ApplicationThread的bindApplication()方法, 下面代码逻辑重回ActivityThread.java
            thread.bindApplication(processName, appInfo, providers,
                    app.instrumentationClass, profileFile, profileFd, profileAutoStop,
                    app.instrumentationArguments, app.instrumentationWatcher,
                    app.instrumentationUiAutomationConnection, testMode, enableOpenGlTrace,
                    isRestrictedBackupMode || !normalMode, app.persistent,
                    new Configuration(mConfiguration), app.compat, getCommonServicesLocked(),
                    mCoreSettingsObserver.getCoreSettingsLocked());
        ....

    }
}
//ActivityThread.java

private class ApplicationThread extends Binder implements IApplicationThread{

    ...
        public final void bindApplication(String processName,
                ApplicationInfo appInfo, List<ProviderInfo> providers,
                ComponentName instrumentationName, String profileFile,
                ParcelFileDescriptor profileFd, boolean autoStopProfiler,
                Bundle instrumentationArgs, IInstrumentationWatcher instrumentationWatcher,
                IUiAutomationConnection instrumentationUiConnection, int debugMode,
                boolean enableOpenGlTrace, boolean isRestrictedBackupMode, boolean persistent,
                Configuration config, CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, Map<String, IBinder> services,
                Bundle coreSettings) {

            AppBindData data = new AppBindData();
            data.processName = processName;
            data.appInfo = appInfo;
            data.providers = providers;
            data.instrumentationName = instrumentationName;
            data.instrumentationArgs = instrumentationArgs;
            data.instrumentationWatcher = instrumentationWatcher;
            data.instrumentationUiAutomationConnection = instrumentationUiConnection;
            data.debugMode = debugMode;
            data.enableOpenGlTrace = enableOpenGlTrace;
            data.restrictedBackupMode = isRestrictedBackupMode;
            data.persistent = persistent;
            data.config = config;
            data.compatInfo = compatInfo;
            data.initProfileFile = profileFile;
            data.initProfileFd = profileFd;
            data.initAutoStopProfiler = false;
        //发消息
            sendMessage(H.BIND_APPLICATION, data);
        }

    ...
        private void sendMessage(int what, Object obj, int arg1, int arg2, boolean async) {
        Message msg = Message.obtain();
        msg.what = what;
        msg.obj = obj;
        msg.arg1 = arg1;
        msg.arg2 = arg2;
        if (async) {
            msg.setAsynchronous(true);
        }
        //通过mH把BIND_APPLICATION消息发给H处理
        mH.sendMessage(msg);
        }
    ...

}
使用H的目的是,把代码执行的逻辑从binder线程池里的线程切换到main线程里去执行.
//ActivityThread.java
private class H extends Handler {
    ...
    public static final int BIND_APPLICATION        = 110;
    ...
    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
        switch (msg.what) {
            ...
                case BIND_APPLICATION:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "bindApplication");
                    AppBindData data = (AppBindData)msg.obj;
                    handleBindApplication(data);//调用ActivityThread的handleBindApplication()方法处理
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
            ...
        }

    }
}
//ActivityThread.java
public final class ActivityThread {
    ...
    private void handleBindApplication(AppBindData data) {
        ...
        //创建Instrumentation 对象
                java.lang.ClassLoader cl = instrContext.getClassLoader();
                mInstrumentation = (Instrumentation)
                    cl.loadClass(data.instrumentationName.getClassName()).newInstance();

        data.info = getPackageInfoNoCheck(data.appInfo, data.compatInfo);
        //创建app运行时的上下文对象,并对其进行初始化.
        final ContextImpl appContext = new ContextImpl();
        appContext.init(data.info, null, this);
        //这里的data.info是LoadedApk类的对象
        //在这里创建了上层开发者的代码中所涉及的Applicaiton类的对象
        Application app = data.info.makeApplication(data.restrictedBackupMode, null);
        ...

        //如果有ContentProvider的话, 先加载ContentProvider,后调用Application的onCreate()方法
        List<ProviderInfo> providers = data.providers;
        if (providers != null) {
            installContentProviders(app, providers);
        }
        //调Application的生命周期函数 onCreate()
        mInstrumentation.callApplicationOnCreate(app);
        
    }
    ...

}

// LoadedApk.java
public final class LoadedApk {
    ...
    public Application makeApplication(boolean forceDefaultAppClass,
            Instrumentation instrumentation) {
        Application app = null;
            app = mActivityThread.mInstrumentation.newApplication(
                    cl, appClass, appContext);
        return app;
    }
    ...

}
// Instrumentation.java
public class Instrumentation {
    ...
    public void callApplicationOnCreate(Application app) {
        app.onCreate();
    }
    ...
}

实验结果:
在Application的onCreate()方法打个断点.

《android 应用的启动过程分析》 app_launch.png

这里为什么会出现 access$1500()这个调用请参考我的另一篇博客:

<<从字节码看内部类是如何实现调用外部类的方法>>

最终总结, 应用启动的流程:

入口是ActivityThread.main(), 创建UI线程的消息循环, 并最终进入消息循环.
ActivityThread的内部类ApplicationThread是一个Binder,获得系统的ActivityManagerService, 调用它的attachApplication(mAppThread)并把ApplicationThread的对象mAppThread(是一个binder对象)传给ActivityManagerService, AcitivityManagerService拿到这个Binder对象后做了3件事,

attachApplication()方法内
1.

准备数据, 创建一个ProcessRecord app的对象记录一个进程的所有信息, 对各个字段进行赋值.

2.

调用mAppThread这个Binder对象的bindApplication(ProcessRecord app)方法, 把记录着进程信息的对象ProcessRecord传给ApplicationThread处理, 在bindApplication()内通过Handler mH发送一个”BIND_APPLICATION”消息让mH处理.mH处理”BIND_APPLICATION”时调用handleBindApplication(), 在里面创建Applicaiton app对象, 调用Application的onCreate(), 到这里ActivityThread的handleBindApplication()方法执行完毕.

3.

在ActivityManagerService的attachApplication()处理完第二步之后, 调用mStackSupervisor.attachApplicationLocked(app), 在里面再调用realStartActivityLocked(), 里面再调用app.thread.scheduleLaunchActivity(), 也就是mAppThread的scheduleLaunchActivity(), 在ApplicationThread的scheduleLaunchActivity()内,发送一个”LAUNCH_ACTIVITY”消息, mH处理”LAUNCH_ACTIVITY”时调用handleLaunchActivity(), handleLaunchActivity()分两步, 第一步调performLaunchActivity(),
创建Activity的对象, 依次调用它的onCreate(), onStart(). 第二步调handleResumeActivity(), 调用Activity对象的onResume().

至此, 应用启动的完整流程就分析完整了.

    原文作者:ahking17
    原文地址: https://www.jianshu.com/p/a1f40b39b3de
    本文转自网络文章,转载此文章仅为分享知识,如有侵权,请联系博主进行删除。
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