7.Lock同步锁
解决线程安全问题的方式,使用synchronize隐式锁,1.同步代码块,2.同步方法,3.java5之后使用同步锁Lock:显示锁,也就是说必须通过lock()方法上锁,通过unlock()方法释放锁。
实例如下:
public class TestLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Ticket ticket = new Ticket();
new Thread(ticket, "1号窗口").start();
new Thread(ticket, "2号窗口").start();
new Thread(ticket, "3号窗口").start();
}
}
class Ticket implements Runnable {
private int tick = 100;
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
lock.lock();// 上锁
try {
if (tick > 0) {
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ "完成售票,余票为:" + --tick);
}
} finally {
lock.unlock();//释放锁,那必须写在finally中
}
}
}
}
使用lock如何实现等待-唤醒机制,实例为生产者消费者案例
什么是虚假唤醒
在生产者和消费者中,生产者向店员提供商品,消费者向店员消费商品,在多个线程中同时生产和消费,就会出现一种情况就是不停的显示缺货,为了解决这个问题就是,如果店员没有商品,那么消费者消费的线程就等待,否则就唤醒,同理,生产者发现店员商品已满就等待生产,否则就唤醒生产,虚假唤醒就是一些obj.wait()会在除了obj.notify()和obj.notifyAll()的其他情况被唤醒,而此时是不应该唤醒的。以下是一种解决办法:
public class TestProductorAndCosumer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Clerk clerk = new Clerk();
Productor productor = new Productor(clerk);
Customer customer = new Customer(clerk);
new Thread(productor,"生产者 A").start();
new Thread(customer,"消费者 B").start();
new Thread(productor,"生产者 C").start();
new Thread(customer,"消费者 D").start();
}
}
//店员
class Clerk{
private int product = 0;
//进货
public synchronized void get(){
while(product >= 1){// 为了避免虚假唤醒的问题,应该使用在循环中
System.out.println("产品已满!!");
try {
this.wait();//产品已满,等待消费者的通知
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : "+ ++product);
this.notifyAll();
}
//卖货
public synchronized void sale(){
while(product <= 0){
System.out.println("缺货!!");
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : "+ --product);
this.notifyAll();
}
}
//生产者
class Productor implements Runnable{
private Clerk clerk;
public Productor(Clerk clerk){
this.clerk = clerk;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
clerk.get();//20个员工不断生产商品给店员
}
}
}
//消费者
class Customer implements Runnable{
private Clerk clerk;
public Customer(Clerk clerk) {
this.clerk = clerk;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
clerk.sale();
}
}
}
结果如下:
缺货!!
缺货!!
生产者 A : 1
消费者 D : 0
缺货!!
缺货!!
生产者 C : 1
消费者 B : 0
缺货!!
缺货!!
生产者 A : 1
消费者 D : 0
缺货!!
缺货!!
生产者 C : 1
消费者 B : 0
缺货!!
缺货!!
生产者 A : 1
消费者 D : 0
缺货!!
生产者 C : 1
消费者 B : 0
解决办法之二:使用Lock锁
public class TestProductorAndCosumerforLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Clerk clerk = new Clerk();
Productor productor = new Productor(clerk);
Customer customer = new Customer(clerk);
new Thread(productor,"生产者 A").start();
new Thread(customer,"消费者 B").start();
new Thread(productor,"生产者 C").start();
new Thread(customer,"消费者 D").start();
}
}
//店员
class Clerk{
private int product = 0;
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
//进货
public void get(){
lock.lock();
try {
while(product >= 1){// 为了避免虚假唤醒的问题,应该使用在循环中
System.out.println("产品已满!!");
try {
condition.await();//产品已满,等待消费者的通知
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : "+ ++product);
condition.signalAll();
}finally{
lock.unlock();
}
}
//卖货
public void sale(){
lock.lock();
try {
while(product <= 0){
System.out.println("缺货!!");
try {
condition.await();;
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : "+ --product);
condition.signalAll();
}finally{
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
//生产者
class Productor implements Runnable{
private Clerk clerk;
public Productor(Clerk clerk){
this.clerk = clerk;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
clerk.get();//20个员工不断生产商品给店员
}
}
}
//消费者
class Customer implements Runnable{
private Clerk clerk;
public Customer(Clerk clerk) {
this.clerk = clerk;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
clerk.sale();
}
}
}
注意上述代码中改动的地方有很多,使用了接下来要说的Condition控制线程通信
8.Condition控制线程通信
在上述代码中也使用了Condition控制线程通信,Condition接口描述了可能会与锁有关联的条件变量,在Condition对象中与wait、notify、notifyAll方法分别对应的是await、signal、signalAll。
一个面试题
编写一个程序,开启三个线程,这三个线程的ID分别为A、B、C,每一个线程将自己的ID打印10遍,输出结果为
ABBCCCABBCCC….依次递归
public class TestABC {
public static void main(String[] args) {
final AlternateDemo ad = new AlternateDemo();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
ad.loopA(i);
}
}
},"A").start();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
ad.loopB(i);
}
}
},"B").start();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
ad.loopC(i);
System.out.println("================一轮结束==================");
}
}
},"C").start();
}
}
class AlternateDemo{
private int number = 1;// 当前正在执行线程的标记
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private Condition condition1 = lock.newCondition();
private Condition condition2 = lock.newCondition();
private Condition condition3 = lock.newCondition();
public void loopA(int totalLoop){
lock.lock();
try {
if(number != 1){
condition1.await();
}
//打印
for(int i = 1; i <= 1; i++){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+i+"\t"+totalLoop);
}
//唤醒别人
number = 2;
condition2.signal();//只唤醒线程B
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void loopB(int totalLoop){
lock.lock();
try {
if(number != 2){
condition2.await();
}
//打印
for(int i = 1; i <= 2; i++){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+i+"\t"+totalLoop);
}
//唤醒别人
number = 3;
condition3.signal();//只唤醒线程C
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void loopC(int totalLoop){
lock.lock();
try {
if(number != 3){
condition3.await();
}
//打印
for(int i = 1; i <= 3; i++){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+i+"\t"+totalLoop);
}
//唤醒别人
number = 1;
condition1.signal();//只唤醒线程A
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
lock.unlock();
}
}
}