工作需要，对公司的MYSQL数据库进行备份，赶上刚刚开始学python，看了一套简单的python教学视频，简单的写了个备份脚本，个人表示 对python 的class 、function、build-in function 、私有变量、全局变量 等等，该怎么用，啥时候用等 毫无概念 ，仅此记录一下吧，也欢迎路过的pythoner赐教。
个人已知的一些问题：
1、该脚本必须要求 mysql配置文件内的所有行为 key=value的格式，并且不能存在多余的注释，否则ConfigParser模块解析配置文件时会出错，由于没研究过ConfigParser是不是有容错的方法可以调用，也没时间写容错处理，而是通过整理my.ini 配置文件使其符合ConfigParser的要求解决的。后面会附上我用的mysql配置文件。
2、大量使用类私有成员变量，因为完全不知道python 变量、类方法、等等啥时候该私有化，以及有啥区别，只知道类私有成员变量在别的脚本中import 或者继承时，是不可见的。
3、比较多的进行文件操作，以及传值操作，目前只保证按正确格式传值没问题，没有做多余的容错处理。 4、大量的在进行字符串拼接，第一次写运维相关脚本，由于要调用系统命令，和传递很多参数，也不会subprocess模块，不知道别人写运维脚本都具体咋做，就直接拼接了。
5、其他未知的bug、未发现的逻辑错误等等。
环境：
– Server : Dell PowerEdge T110
– OS: CentOS 6.3_x86_64
– PythonVersion: 2.7.3
– MysqlVersion: 5.5.28 linux x86_64
MysqlBackupScript.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf8
# script MysqlBackupScript
# by Becareful
# version v1.0
"""
This scripts provides auto backup mysql(version == 5.5.x) database .
"""
import os
import sys
import datetime #用于生成备份文件的日期
import linecache #用于读取文件的指定行
import ConfigParser #解析mysql配置文件
class DatabaseArgs(object):
"""
"""
__MYSQL_BASE_DIR = r'/usr/local/mysql' #mysql安装目录
__MYSQL_BIN_DIR = __MYSQL_BASE_DIR + '/bin' #mysql二进制目录
__MYSQL_CONFIG_FILE = r'/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf' #mysql配置文件
__ONEDAY = datetime.timedelta(days=1) #一天的时长，用于计算下面的前一天和后一天日期
__TODAY = datetime.date.today() #当天日期格式为 YYYY-MM-DD
__YESTERDAY = __TODAY - __ONEDAY #计算昨天日期
__TOMORROW = __TODAY + __ONEDAY #计算明天日期
__WEEKDAY = __TODAY.strftime('%w') #计算当天是一星期的星期几
__MYSQL_DUMP_ARGS = { #用一个字典存储mysqldump 命令备份数据库的参数
'MYISAM': ' -v -E -e -R --triggers -F -n --opt --master-data=2 --hex-blob -B ',
'INNODB': ' -v -E -e -R --triggers -F --single-transaction -n --opt --master-data=2 --hex-blob -B '
}
__DUMP_COMMAND = __MYSQL_BIN_DIR + '/mysqldump' #mysqldump 命令的 路径 用于dump mysql数据
__FLUSH_LOG_COMMAND = __MYSQL_BIN_DIR + '/mysqladmin' #mysqladmin 命令的路径 ，用于执行 flush-logs 生成每天增量binlog
__BACKUP_DIR = r'/backup/' # 指定备份文件存放的目录
__PROJECTNAME = 'example' # 指定需要备份的数据库对应的项目名，将来会生成 projectname-YYYY-MM-DD.sql 等文件
__DATABASE_LIST = [] # 指定需要备份的数据库名，可以是多个，使用列表
__HOST = 'localhost'
__PORT = 3306
__USERNAME = 'root'
__PASSWORD = ''
__LOGINARGS = '' # 如果在localhost登陆，需要密码，可以设定登陆的参数，具体在下面有说明
__LOGFILE = __BACKUP_DIR + '/backup.logs'
def __init__(self, baseDir=__MYSQL_BASE_DIR, backDir=__BACKUP_DIR, engine='MYISAM', projectName=__PROJECTNAME,
dbList=__DATABASE_LIST, host=__HOST, port=__PORT, user=__USERNAME, passwd=__PASSWORD):
"""
实例化对象时传入的参数，如不传入默认使用类的私有成员变量作为默认值
:param baseDir:
:param backDir:
:param engine:
:param projectName:
:param dbList:
:param host:
:param port:
:param user:
:param passwd:
"""
self.__MYSQL_BASE_DIR = baseDir
self.__BACKUP_DIR = backDir
self.__PROJECTNAME = projectName
self.__DATABASE_LIST = dbList
self.__HOST = host
self.__PORT = port
self.__USERNAME = user
self.__PASSWORD = passwd
self.__ENGINE = self.__MYSQL_DUMP_ARGS[engine]
#下面定义了如需登陆时，参数 其实就是生成 这样的格式 “-hlocalhost -uroot --password=‘xxxx’”
self.__LOGINARGS = " -h" + self.__HOST + " -P" + str(
self.__PORT) + " -u" + self.__USERNAME + " --password='" + self.__PASSWORD + "'"
self.checkDatabaseArgs() #调用检查函数
def __getconfig(self, cnf=__MYSQL_CONFIG_FILE, item=None): # 解析mysql配置文件的小函数，简单封装了下，传入一个值作为my.cnf的key去查找对应的value
__mycnf = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
__mycnf.read(cnf)
try:
return __mycnf.get("mysqld", item)
except BaseException, e:
sys.stderr.write(str(e))
sys.exit(1)
def __getBinlogPath(self): # 取每天需要增量备份的binlog日志的绝对路径，从mysql的binlog.index文件取倒数第二行
__BINLOG_INDEX = self.__getconfig(item='log-bin') + '.index'
if not os.path.isfile(__BINLOG_INDEX):
sys.stderr.write('BINLOG INDEX FILE: [' + __BINLOG_INDEX + ' ] NOT FOUND! \n')
sys.exit(1)
else:
try:
__BINLOG_PATH = linecache.getline(__BINLOG_INDEX, len(open(__BINLOG_INDEX, 'r').readlines()) - 1)
linecache.clearcache()
except BaseException, e:
sys.stderr.write(str(e))
sys.exit(1)
return __BINLOG_PATH.strip()
def flushDatabaseBinlog(self): # 调用此函数，将会执行 mysqladmin flush-logs ,刷新binlog日志
return os.popen(self.__FLUSH_LOG_COMMAND + self.__LOGINARGS + ' flush-logs')
def dumpDatabaseSQL(self): #|通过mysqladmin 对指定数据库进行全备
if not os.path.isfile(self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '/' + str(self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '.sql'):
return os.popen(self.__DUMP_COMMAND + self.__LOGINARGS + self.__ENGINE + ' '.join(
self.__DATABASE_LIST) + ' >> ' + self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '/' + str(
self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '.sql')
else:
sys.stderr.write('Backup File [' + str(self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '.sql] already exists.\n')
def dumpDatabaseBinlog(self):#通过copy2() 将需要备份的binlog日志复制到指定备份目录
if not os.path.isfile(self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '/' + str(self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + os.path.split(self.__getBinlogPath())[1]):
from shutil import copy2
try:
copy2(self.__getBinlogPath(), self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '/' + str(self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + os.path.split(self.__getBinlogPath())[1])
except BaseException, e:
sys.stderr.write(str(e))
else:
sys.stderr.write('Binlog File [' + str(self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + os.path.split(self.__getBinlogPath())[1] + '] already exists\n' )
def checkDatabaseArgs(self): #对一些必要条件进行检查
__rv = 0
if not os.path.isdir(self.__MYSQL_BASE_DIR): #检查指定的mysql安装目录是否存在
sys.stderr.write('MYSQL BASE DIR: [ ' + self.__MYSQL_BASE_DIR + ' ] NOT FOUND\n')
__rv += 1
if not os.path.isdir(self.__BACKUP_DIR): #检查指定的备份目录是否存在，如不存在自动创建
sys.stderr.write('BACKUP DIR: [ ' + self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME + ' ] NOT FOUND ,AUTO CREATED\n')
os.makedirs(self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME)
if not os.path.isfile(self.__MYSQL_CONFIG_FILE): #检查mysql配置文件是否存在
sys.stderr.write('MYSQL CONFIG FILE: [' + self.__MYSQL_CONFIG_FILE + ' ] NOT FOUND\n')
__rv += 1
if not os.path.isfile(self.__DUMP_COMMAND): #检查备份数据库时使用的mysqldump命令是否存在
sys.stderr.write('MYSQL DUMP COMMAND: [' + self.__DUMP_COMMAND + ' ] NOT FOUND\n')
__rv += 1
if not os.path.isfile(self.__FLUSH_LOG_COMMAND): #检查刷新mysql binlog日志使用的mysqladmin命令是否存在
sys.stderr.write('MYSQL FLUSH LOG COMMAND: [' + self.__DUMP_COMMAND + ' ] NOT FOUND\n')
__rv += 1
if not self.__DATABASE_LIST: #检查需要备份的数据库列表是否存在
sys.stderr.write('Database List is None \n')
__rv += 1
if __rv: # 判断返回值，由于上述任何一步检查失败，都会导致 __rv 值 +1 ，只要最后__rv ！= 0就直接退出了。
sys.exit(1)
def crontab(): # 使用字典，来进行相关参数传递，并实例化对象，调用相关方法进行操作
zabbix = {
'baseDir': '/usr/local/mysql/',
'backDir': '/backup/',
'projectName': 'Monitor',
'dbList': ['zabbix'],
'host': 'localhost',
'port': 3306,
'user': 'root',
'passwd': 'xxxxxxx'
}
monitor = DatabaseArgs(**zabbix)
monitor.dumpDatabaseSQL()
monitor.dumpDatabaseBinlog()
monitor.flushDatabaseBinlog()
if __name__ == '__main__':
crontab()my.cnf
[client] port = 3306 socket = /mysql/var/db.socket [mysqld] socket = /mysql/var/db.socket datadir = /mysql/db/ skip-external-locking = 1 skip-innodb = 0 key_buffer_size = 256M max_allowed_packet = 10M table_open_cache = 2048 sort_buffer_size = 4M read_buffer_size = 4M read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 1G myisam_repair_threads = 1 myisam_recover = DEFAULT thread_cache_size = 32 query_cache_size = 32M query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M tmp_table_size = 128M thread_stack = 192K skip-name-resolve = 1 max_connections = 65500 default-storage-engine = myisam federated = 0 server-id = 1 slave-skip-errors = all #log = /var/log/sql_query.log slow-query-log = 1 slow-query-log-file = /mysql/log/sql_query_slow.log long-query-time = 5 log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1 log-slow-admin-statements = 1 log-bin = /mysql/var/log/binlog/bin-log log-error = /mysql/var/log/mysql.err master-info-file = /mysql/var/log/master.info relay-log = /mysql/var/log/relay-bin/relay-bin relay-log-index = /mysql/var/log/relay-bin/relay-bin.index relay-log-info-file = /mysql/var/log/relay-bin/relay-bin.info binlog_cache_size = 8M binlog_format = MIXED max_binlog_cache_size = 20M max_binlog_size = 1G binlog-ignore-db = mysql binlog-ignore-db = performance_schema binlog-ignore-db = information_schema replicate-ignore-db = mysql replicate-ignore-db = performance_schema replicate-ignore-db = information_schema innodb_data_home_dir = /mysql/ibdata/ innodb_data_file_path = ibdata:156M:autoextend innodb_log_group_home_dir = /mysql/ibdata/ log-slave-updates = 0 back_log = 512 transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED max_heap_table_size = 246M interactive_timeout = 120 wait_timeout = 120 innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M innodb_file_io_threads = 4 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_log_file_size = 128M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_open_file = 327500 open_files_limit = 327500 [mysqldump] quick = 1 max_allowed_packet = 50M [mysql] auto-rehash = 1 socket = /mysql/var/db.socket safe-updates = 0 [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 256M sort_buffer_size = 256M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout = 100
最终生成的备份目录结构是这样的
[root@zabbix backup]# find ./ ./ ./Monitor ./Monitor/2013-03-16-bin-log.000008 ./Monitor/2013-03-14-bin-log.000006 ./Monitor/2013-03-16-Monitor.sql ./Monitor/2013-03-15-Monitor.sql ./Monitor/2013-03-15-bin-log.000007 ./Monitor/2013-03-14-Monitor.sql ~END~
